Recommendations for the collection of urine (daily diuresis during pregnancy).

In order for the result of the study to be informative and accurately reflect the clinical picture, it is necessary to correctly prepare for the collection of urine. When collecting daily urine, it is important to consume the amount of fluid that the body is accustomed to. Taking diuretics, non-compliance with the rules for the collection and storage of biomaterial, violation of the diet or drinking regimen can lead to a distortion of the result.

Preparatory stage.

2-3 days before the start of urine collection, you must:

• completely eliminate the intake of diuretics;

• give up spicy, fatty and salty foods, which provoke abundant fluid intake and retain water in the body;

• stop eating vegetables and fruits that can change the color of urine (beets, carrots, etc.);

• drink a norm of pure non-carbonated water - 1.5-2 liters;

• eliminate increased physical activity and fatigue.

Each portion of urine within 24 hours must be collected in a dry, clean container with a volume of 2.5-3 liters. It is advisable to buy in advance a pharmacy plastic container of the required volume with a graduation scale. If it is impossible to purchase, it is allowed to collect biomaterial in an ordinary glass jar. The jar must be thoroughly washed and disinfected before collection.

The essence of daily diuresis during pregnancy.

Daily diuresis is the amount of urine, measured in liters, that was excreted by a woman's body in 24 hours. As the pregnancy progresses, the fetus grows and the uterus expands, putting pressure on the kidneys and bladder.

An analysis of diuresis is extremely important for a pregnant woman, since during the period of bearing a child, the body's need for fluid increases. It is necessary that all the drunk water can be excreted in the form of urine.

Fluid stagnation leads to swelling of the limbs and other health problems for the expectant mother and child.

The result of a urinalysis for diuresis will provide the doctor with the following information:

• how much liquid the pregnant woman consumes;

• how do the kidneys cope with their work;

• whether there are deviations in the regulation of the body's water-salt balance.

Daily urine for protein content in pregnant women.

Often, closer to the end of pregnancy, a woman has signs of preeclampsia - late toxicosis, especially if she has previously been diagnosed with various chronic diseases. Doctors in such cases immediately check the daily protein in the urine. Visually, a change in color and transparency can be noted: the urine in the jar is cloudy, there is a sediment.

The protein norm is up to 0.03 g / l. What does increased daily protein show? First of all, doctors suspect that the kidneys are not doing their job. The reason for this may be a large load during the bearing of a child, especially if a woman has previously suffered from chronic pyelonephritis.

The dose of protein increases with inflammation of the urinary tract, but this phenomenon is temporary. The persistent presence of protein, poor analysis - such a situation should alert the doctor, and the woman will be offered hospitalization in order to restore kidney function and maintain pregnancy.

Sometimes an increase in protein indicates that the initial phenomena of pancreatitis are going on.

How much urine do you need to pass a protein test? Usually they use the selection of a portion from the daily urine, less often - all the urine, if the Zimnitsky test is done.

In addition to the protein and sugar content, doctors are interested in indicators such as:

• color;

• transparency;

• density.

Each of them can tell a lot to an experienced specialist. The task of a woman is not to panic, even if deviations are found, but to calm down and trust her doctor.

He will make a decision, prescribe a suitable diet and prescribe medications if necessary.

Today, you can successfully bring the pregnancy to a successful conclusion, even in the presence of serious pathologies, so you should tune in to the best and follow all the doctor's instructions.

Glucosuric profile in pregnant women.

A very important indicator is the daily glucosuric profile. Starting from the second trimester, a pregnant woman has an increased risk of glucose in the urine, which should not be normal. This is due to physiological reasons, in particular, a large load on the pancreas and the active work of the kidneys, but it can also have pathological reasons.

To find out if the situation requires treatment or only control, urine is given according to the following scheme:

1. At 7 am - the first trip to the toilet without collecting urine.

2. First gathering - from 9 am to 2 pm.

3. The second - from 14 to 19 hours.

4. Third gathering - from 19:00 to 23:00.

5. Fourth from 23 to 6 am.

6. Fifth from 6 to 9.

Portions are not stirred, refrigerated, stored at 4 ° C. Deviations from the norm may indicate problems with the kidneys, adrenal glands, diabetes, or may simply be a physiological abnormality. To clarify the diagnosis, blood is always taken for sugar.

Collection of urine according to Zimnitsky in pregnant women.

Urine according to Zimnitsky during pregnancy is most often prescribed for suspected disorders in the functioning of the kidneys.

When assigning this analysis, the rules for collection and delivery are different: the collection takes place at strictly defined hours, and the portions are not mixed, each is stored in its own jar. All jars are delivered to the laboratory.

Prepare 8 containers. The first time you should go to the toilet at 6 o'clock in the morning, this portion does not need to be collected. The time of the first urination should be recorded. Then the scheme is as follows: the day is divided into 8 time intervals of 3 hours. All urine excreted within 3 hours is collected in one container.

1 9:00-12:00

2 12:00-15:00

3 15:00-18:00

4 18:00-21:00

5 21:00-24:00

6 00:00-03:00

7 03:00-06:00

8 06:00-09:00

Normally, about a third of daily urine should be excreted at night. If one or more containers are empty, they are also taken to the laboratory.

How to donate daily urine during pregnancy: preparation.

In order to avoid distortions in the analysis, a woman must follow the rules for collecting urine. The collection of urine per day during pregnancy suggests that all the urine released during this time should fall into the container, from which a portion for a laboratory test will then be selected.

About a day before delivery, exclude from the menu:

• acute;

• salty;

• smoked;

• coloring products.

On the day of delivery, consume 1.5-2 liters of any liquid per day (including soups, fruits with a high juice content).

Start giving in the morning, but the first portion of urine should not fall into the container. If you get up at 7 in the morning, go to the toilet, do not take the first portion, but simply write down the time of urination.

Take a notebook and a pen - write down in the table how much water you drank, how much and when urine was released. Of course, it is difficult to do this in milliliters, but it is approximately possible, and using a special container, you can do it exactly.

Another analysis may be prescribed for a pregnant woman: the Zimnitsky test. It is similar to the previous one, but is assembled differently.

Why collect daily urine during pregnancy?

For women who are prescribed an analysis, the question arises: why collect daily urine from pregnant women? Is it possible to do without it? Isn't the usual analysis, which is taken in the morning, enough?

Daily urine should be taken if the doctor needs to accurately determine not only the presence, specific gravity, but also the ratio of the following components:

• creatinine;

• urobilin;

• glucose;

• bilirubin;

• ketone bodies;

• salts;

• protein and albumin.

Creatinine is an indicator of how the kidneys are functioning. Exceeding its amount indicates that there are serious disorders in the body: perhaps there is an inflammatory process of the urinary tract or kidney failure develops, the first signs of which are usually hidden, are detected only during analysis.

The level of urobilin is an indicator of the quality of the liver and biliary tract. It can increase with congestion in the liver and with the breakdown of red blood cells, for example, with an Rhesus conflict.

There should be no glucose in the urine. If it appears, this is an occasion to donate blood for sugar and further closely monitor this indicator, as it may indicate the development of gestational diabetes. However, if the appearance of glucose was detected in the urine once, while everything is in order in the blood, this may turn out to be a false alarm.

In the second half of pregnancy, preeclampsia may develop, and its first indicator is the appearance of ketone bodies in the urine. Acetone in the urine, especially in the morning, may indicate that during the night the fetus did not have enough glucose and the breakdown of fats in the mother's body began in order to provide the baby with the necessary nutrients.

Protein should be no more than 0.03 g / l. If, as a result of the analysis, “Traces” is written, then this is the norm. If there is a figure> 0.03, it is worth checking the kidneys. Protein loss is not a good sign. An inflammatory process is not excluded. Protein grows with:

• pyelonephritis;

• glomerulonephritis;

• renal failure;

• developing preeclampsia.

In the transcript of the study, the composition of the detected salts is analyzed. It can be used to judge the tendency to certain metabolic disorders.

The norm of daily urine during pregnancy.

Women are interested in how many liters of urine should be normal. The norm of daily urine during pregnancy in liters ranges from 1 to 2.

This difference is due to the following factors:

• a woman's habit of drinking a lot;

• hot (or, conversely, cool) weather;

• individual characteristics of the organism.

During physiological pregnancy, an amount close to the upper limit of the norm is produced, since the kidneys work in an enhanced mode, remove the waste products of the pregnant woman and the fetus.

The average daily volume allows you to judge possible pathologies. So, diuresis is less than normal (oliguria) can talk about kidney disease, fluid retention in the body, errors in the diet; more than normal (polyuria) - about diabetes mellitus that has begun to develop, a decrease in the resorption capacity of the renal tubules. Usually, about 2 liters or a little less is taken as the output rate.

On the day of the test, it is recommended to drink 1.5-2 liters so that the concentration of excreted substances does not decrease, which will negatively affect the results. During the collection of urine, it is necessary to record the amount of liquid drunk, liquid meals, fruits eaten.

Normally, the ratio is correct: the volume released per day is about 80% of the total fluid that enters the body per day. The remaining 20% come out with sweat, exhaled air, feces.

Daily urine: how to collect.

There are several options for analysis:

• Determination of daily diuresis, with the help of which it will become clear whether fluid is retained in the body. The study is prescribed for pronounced and latent edema, late toxicosis.

• Examination of daily urine for protein loss. It is prescribed for suspected preeclampsia - late toxicosis, nephropathy of pregnant women.

• Daily urinalysis to study the glucosuric profile. Needed to assess carbohydrate metabolism, if gestational diabetes mellitus is suspected.

• Urine sample according to the Zimnitsky method. It determines the daily diuresis, day and night. Normally, daytime diuresis predominates over nighttime.

Before you start collecting the daily urine of a pregnant woman, you need to purchase a special container with a volume of 2 liters at the pharmacy.

It should be drained into it all the urine collected during the day. The entire collected volume will not be needed for analysis - for research it is necessary to pour 100–150 ml from the total volume into a plastic container (after stirring well). In some cases, the analysis requires all the urine excreted per day (an obstetrician-gynecologist will warn you about this).

Between the time of collection of the last portion and the receipt of urine in the laboratory, no more than 2 hours should pass. Otherwise, the results may be unreliable.

There are special kits on sale to make it easier to collect and properly store daily urine. They consist of:

• graduated container;

• transfer tube with a needle at the end;

• a transport test tube - in it the biomaterial is delivered for analysis.

Before going to the toilet, it is necessary to thoroughly wash yourself so that part of the vaginal microflora does not end up in the urinal, which can distort the result. To prevent the entry of vaginal discharge into the samples, during urination, the entrance to the vagina is covered with cotton wool. 

Daily urinalysis during pregnancy.

One of the indicative markers of the health of the baby and mother is the quantity and quality of urine produced. The intensity of the kidneys changes during the day. According to the content of certain substances in the daily urine, one can judge the state of the kidneys and urinary tract, draw conclusions about the work of the cardiovascular system, liver, the presence or absence of inflammatory processes.

There is a norm for the daily volume of urine, which should be excreted by the kidneys within 24 hours. This is 1-2 liters.

This range is due to:

• the amount of liquid drunk;

• gestational age;

• the presence of complications of gestation.

If the volume differs from the norm, this is not a reason for panic, but for additional examinations, correction of the food and drinking regimen. To obtain reliable results, it is important to correctly collect daily urine for pregnant women for research.