When deciphering the urine test of a pregnant woman, the following normal indicators are evaluated:
• The color depends on the allocated volume of the biological fluid and the presence of dyes-pigments in it. Normally, urine should be colored straw-yellow due to the content of urochrome.
• The transparency of a liquid characterizes all the properties of the biological components present in it. Normally, urine should be clear.
• Specific gravity refers to the content of dissolved components in urine, such as salts, sugar, urea, etc.
• pH, or acidity, is determined by the concentrated content of hydrogen ions formed in the liquid as a result of the dissociation of organic and inorganic acids.
• Normal protein should not be detected in the urine of a pregnant woman, and if urine analysis showed its presence, this is proteinuria, which can be physiological (against a background of severe mental shock, physical activity, consuming a large amount of protein) and pathological (diseases of the genitourinary system or allergies).
• Sugar is not normally detected, but if glucose is detected in the urine of a pregnant woman, there are suspicions of diabetes mellitus, the woman is recommended to additionally take a blood test for sugar.
• Bilirubin in the urine should not be detected. If it is found, we can talk about jaundice, hepatitis and other pathologies that disrupt the outflow of bile. Urine will have the color of dark beer.
• Ketone bodies are not normally detected, a urine test with the presence of acetone during pregnancy can show early toxicosis, anemia and gestational diabetes mellitus.
• Nitrites are normally absent, their detection in the urine of pregnant women indicates the presence of inflammation in the organs of the urinary tract.
• Hemoglobin detected in the urine is a clear indicator of pathology that indicates anemia.
• Erythrocytes are normally detected singly (1-2 in the field of view). If there are more of them, we are talking about hematuria associated with infections of the renal system and urinary tract.
• Leukocytes in the analysis of urine in a pregnant woman should not exceed 0-5 in the field of view, otherwise we are talking about an inflammatory process in the kidneys - glomerulonephritis and pyelonephritis, as well as diseases of the urinary system - cystitis.
• Epithelial cells in urine should not exceed 0-3 per field of view. If their number exceeds this value, most likely, we are talking about kidney diseases - pyelonephritis, urolithiasis.
• The cylinders are absent in the urine of a healthy person, their presence in the analysis of urine during pregnancy indicates various kidney diseases.
• Bacteria and fungi diagnosed in the urine indicate infectious diseases of the genitourinary system, such as urethritis, vaginal thrush, etc.
• Salts indicate a change in urine pH response. Normally, urine contains oxalates and urates in single amounts. An excess of salts indicates the development of urolithiasis.
• Normal mucus in the analysis of a pregnant woman can be detected in a small amount. Its presence in large quantities indicates inflammatory diseases of the genitourinary system.