Infections in the mother during pregnancy (bacterial and viral of any localization). The most common maternal viral infections are influenza, rubella, herpes, adenovirus, mumps, and cytomegalovirus (CMV). Viruses in most cases penetrate transplacentally (through the placenta) and have a direct damaging effect on the fetal egg. CMV and herpes are characterized by an ascending route of infection.
Some diseases play a certain role in miscarriage:
• latent (hidden) infection, such as toxoplasmosis, listeriosis, etc.;
• chronic extragenital (non-gynecological) diseases: chronic tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, etc.;
• urogenital infection.
In pregnant women, colpitis is diagnosed in 55-65% of cases. At the same time, diseases of mycoplasma (25%), chlamydial (15-20%) or candidal etiology (11-15%) predominate. A feature of the causative agents of genital infections is their frequent associations, i.e., a combination of several infections.
A bacterial infection from the vagina can also spread to the urinary system, leading to the development of asymptomatic bacteriuria (the presence of bacteria in the urine). In women with miscarriage, asymptomatic bacteriuria is often detected, complicated by preterm birth (15-20%), intrauterine infection of the fetus, placental insufficiency, fetal growth retardation, and an increase in perinatal morbidity and mortality.